Gran Canaria Fish Species Guide for Divers: Swimming with the Locals
Gran Canaria is a haven for marine life, featuring a diverse range of fish species. The island’s unique marine ecosystems support a wealth of bony and cartilaginous fish, making it a popular destination for divers. Understanding the various species found in these waters enhances the diving experience. Protecting this rich biodiversity is essential for sustainable tourism and marine conservation efforts.
Gran Canaria's Marine Ecosystem
Gran Canaria is renowned for its vibrant marine ecosystem, which hosts a remarkable diversity of life. This unique environment is shaped by a combination of geographical features, ocean currents, and climatic conditions, creating a habitat for a plethora of marine species.
The Unique Marine Environment
The waters surrounding Gran Canaria are influenced by both tropical and temperate climates. This fusion results in a rich tapestry of underwater habitats, including rocky reefs, sandy bottoms, and deep-sea environments. The varying depths and conditions promote the growth of diverse marine flora and fauna.
Approximately 297 fish species inhabit these waters, belonging to numerous families, including bony fish and cartilaginous fish. This variety not only enriches the underwater landscape but also ensures balanced ecosystems where predator and prey exist in harmony.
Importance of Marine Conservation
The conservation of Gran Canaria’s marine ecosystems is critical for maintaining the biodiversity that thrives in its waters. The health of these ecosystems is vital for local economies, particularly those reliant on fishing and tourism.
Challenges such as overfishing and habitat destruction pose threats to fish populations and their habitats. Protecting these species ensures that the ecological balance is preserved and that future generations can continue to enjoy the rich underwater heritage of Gran Canaria.
Marine conservation efforts are essential. Initiatives are being implemented to safeguard vulnerable species, restore habitats, and promote sustainable fishing practices. By supporting these efforts, the beauty, and diversity of Gran Canaria’s waters can be preserved for years to come.
Common Fish Species in Gran Canaria
The waters surrounding Gran Canaria are home to a stunning variety of fish species. From vibrant bony fish to elusive cartilaginous species, the marine environment is a treasure trove for divers and marine enthusiasts alike.
Bony Fish species in Gran Canaria Waters
Atlantic bonito
The Atlantic Bonito (Sarda sarda) is a fast and agile fish known for its striking appearance. These fish can weigh between 5 and 15 kilograms.
Their streamlined bodies enable them to dart through the water, hunting smaller fish. They are especially popular among anglers, and during autumn and winter, their speed makes them a thrilling catch.
Barracuda
Barracudas (Sphyraena) are formidable predators in the marine ecosystem. Known to grow up to 30 kilograms, these fish possess sharp teeth and an intimidating presence. They can be found year-round in Gran Canaria’s waters, and their hunting prowess makes them an exciting sight for divers.
Trolling is a commonly used method to capture them.
Dusky grouper
The dusky grouper (Epinephelus marginatus) is a robust fish typically measuring between 70 and 90 cm, but it can grow up to 1.5 metres and weigh as much as 70 kg. It is known for its large mouth with thick lips and a slightly protruding lower jaw. Its colour is mainly brown with various coloured spots, and its belly is golden-yellow, which can change depending on its reproductive or emotional state. Young groupers are greenish-blue. The grouper has a long dorsal fin with an orange edge and a rounded tail with a white border. It can live up to 50 years.
Sea Bream Varieties
Gran Canaria is home to several varieties of Sea Bream (Diplodus), varying in size from 4 to 10 kilograms.
Among the most common are the two-banded sea bream, the white sea bream, and the sharpsnout sea bream. These species are typically found in shallow coastal waters, often around rocky reefs and seagrass beds. These fish are popular among local anglers and are also a common sight for snorkelers and divers exploring the rich marine life around the island.
Red Porgy
The Red Porgy (Pagrus pagrus) is a prized species among both divers and anglers, weighing between 4 and 10 kilograms. These fish inhabit deeper waters throughout the year, showcasing their vibrant colours. They are often sought after for their culinary value, making them a popular target in local fishing practices..
Cartilaginous Fish of Gran Canaria
The waters of Gran Canaria also host several cartilaginous fish, including sharks and rays. These species play a crucial role in maintaining the ecological balance of the marine environment.
Angelshark
The Angelshark (Squatina squatina) is a unique and vulnerable species that resembles a flatfish rather than a traditional shark. This unusual appearance disguises its predatory nature. The Angelshark is endangered, serving as a reminder of the delicate balance within marine ecosystems. Conservation efforts are essential to protect this fascinating species.
Mako Shark
The shortfin mako shark (Isurus oxyrinchus), a formidable ocean predator, holds the title of the fastest shark in the world, capable of reaching impressive speeds of up to 74 km/h. As a migratory species, it boasts the unique ability to keep its body temperature higher than the surrounding waters, enabling it to hunt with precision even in cold environments.
However, despite its broad distribution across the globe, overfishing has severely threatened its populations, putting this incredible species at risk of extinction unless urgent conservation measures are taken.
Spinetail devil ray
The Devil Ray (Mobula mobular) is a majestic marine creature, often seen from July to October in coastal areas with sandy bottoms and deep waters. During this time, they are in their mating season and found in plankton-rich areas. They are tireless swimmers, travelling alone or in groups, feeding on plankton, small crustaceans, and fish. Their bodies have a dorsal coloration that ranges from dark blue, olive green, or brown, with a white front belly and grey back.
Common Eagle Ray
The eagle ray (Myliobatis aquila) is a fish commonly found during the summer months in sandy areas. It feeds on small worms and invertebrates that live in the seabed. It is an excellent swimmer and displays great agility when threatened. This fish is known for its prominent head, which houses sensory organs specialised in detecting prey hidden under the sand. It has a long tail with a powerful venomous stinger used for defence, and females are usually larger than males, reaching up to 180 centimetres in length.
Duckbill Eagle Ray
The Duckbill eagle ray or Bull ray (Aetomylaeus bovinus), “Peje Obispo”, in spanish, is a rare and somewhat elusive species, found at depths of 10 to 200 metres. It is often spotted near fish farms or ports. It mainly feeds on cephalopods and crustaceans, as well as other species that hide in sandy bottoms. Its body is a light beige with brown stripes, and it can reach a wingspan of up to 2.5 metres. Its snout is flat and elongated, resembling a duck’s beak, and it has several rows of teeth used to crush the shells of its prey.
Common Stingray
The Common sting ray (Dasyatis pastinaca) is a fish that frequently appears in summer in sandy areas, where it feeds on worms and invertebrates. Called, “Chucho amarillo” in the Canaries, this fish often rests semi-buried in the sandy substrate to remain unnoticed by both its prey and predators. Its body, disk-shaped and flat, lacks dorsal fins and has smooth skin. Its colour varies from greenish-gray to brown on the upper side, while its belly is yellowish-white. The long tail contains a venomous spine.
Round Stingray
The round stingray (Taeniurops grabatus) is a medium-sized ray found in the eastern Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea that can reach up to 112 cm in disc width. Locally referred to as “chucho negro” in the Canary Islands, this species typically inhabits sandy, muddy, or rocky coastal areas.
The round stingray is characterized by its nearly circular pectoral fin disk, short tail, and mostly smooth skin, with small dermal denticles along its back. It primarily feeds on fishes and crustaceans found on the sea floor. Despite being frequently encountered by divers around the Canary Islands, the round stingray is listed as near threatened due to habitat degradation and fishing pressures.
Spiny Butterfly ray
The Spiny butterfly ray (Gymnura altavela) or “Mantelina” is a cartilaginous fish characterised by its flat, diamond-shaped body, which is wider than it is long. It can grow up to 4 metres in wingspan. Its dorsal side is brown with small darker spots, while its belly is white. This fish has a thin, short tail ending in a venomous spine. During the summer, it is found in sandy areas, where it feeds on small worms and invertebrates. It also partially buries itself in the sand to camouflage and avoid detection by predators.
Marbled Torpedo ray
The torpedo ray (Torpedo marmorata), also known as the Marbled Electric Ray or “Tembladera” among the locals, is a fish with a flat, rounded body that has the ability to generate electric shocks to paralyse its prey. These shocks can reach up to 200 volts. The Torpedo typically measures around 60 centimetres, though it can grow up to 1 metre in length. Its colour ranges from dark brown, grey, to olive green, with light and dark spots scattered across its body. It is a fascinating species that uses its electrical abilities as an effective hunting tool.
Eels are actually fish
Fangtooth Moray
Did you know that moray eels are elongated fish?
Among other types of moray eels that inhabits the waters of Gran Canaria, the fangtooth moray (Enchelycore anatina), locally known as “morena picopato” is a distinctive species of moray eel found in the warmer parts of the eastern Atlantic Ocean. This eel is easily recognizable by its bright yellow head and elongated jaws filled with numerous long, glass-like teeth. Its body is typically a moderate to dark brown with pale spots, and it can grow up to 120 cm in length.
The fangtooth moray inhabits rocky bottoms rich in crevices, where it stays concealed during the day and emerges at night to hunt. It primarily feeds on benthic fish, cephalopods, and crustaceans. Despite its fearsome appearance, the fangtooth moray is harmless to humans.
They’re Present, But Hard to See
Great White Shark
The Great White Shark (Carcharodon carcharias) is a solitary predator known for its significant size and keen hunting strategies. It primarily preys on fish, marine mammals, and even other sharks.
This apex predator, although intimidating, is a vital part of the marine ecosystem and represents the complex web of life in Gran Canaria’s waters.
Whale Shark
Whale sharks (Rhincodon typus) are not only the largest shark species but also the biggest fish in the world. These gentle giants are found across the globe, thriving in warm and temperate seas, though they are notably absent from the Mediterranean.
As migratory creatures, they travel immense distances, and in certain coastal areas, their appearances become more predictable during specific times of the year.
While rare, there have been sightings of whale sharks in the waters surrounding the Canary Islands, adding a touch of mystery and excitement to these encounters.
Notable Invertebrates and Molluscs
Gran Canaria’s marine environment is not only filled with fish but also features a plethora of invertebrates and molluscs. These creatures are vital for the health of the ecosystem.
Common Octopus
The Common Octopus (Octopus vulgaris) is an intelligent and adaptable predator, known for its ability to change colour and texture. This camouflage allows it to blend seamlessly into its surroundings, evading predators while hunting for crustaceans and small fish. Its remarkable problem-solving abilities make it a fascinating sight for divers.
They are curious creatures so when we try to catch their attention, they often come closer and respond to our interanction.
Cuttlefish
Cuttlefish (Sepia oficinalis) are captivating inhabitants of Gran Canaria’s waters, recognised for their impressive colour-changing capabilities. These molluscs can create a stunning display of patterns and hues to communicate and camouflage themselves from predators. They are essential to the food chain, serving as prey for various marine species while adding beauty to the underwater landscape.
In a future article, we’ll dive deeper into the fascinating species of molluscs and invertebrates found in Gran Canaria.
Best Scuba Diving Spots to See Fish Species
Gran Canaria offers a range of spectacular dive sites where divers can encounter a multitude of fish species. With crystal-clear waters and a rich marine ecosystem, these locations provide ideal conditions for observing the vibrant underwater life.
Exploring Arinaga
Arinaga is celebrated for its rich marine life and awe-inspiring underwater vistas. It boasts some of the finest dive spots in Gran Canaria, including the famous “Reserva del Cabrón” (El Cabrón Marine Reserve).
Here, divers are treated to a vibrant underwater ecosystem, while Risco Verde offers another excellent location, perfect for all skill levels and even ideal for snorkeling enthusiasts.
The variety of marine habitats makes Arinaga a prime destination for divers. With crystal-clear visibility and numerous dive sites, it’s equally suited for both shallow explorations and deeper adventures.
The rocky reefs encircling Arinaga are brimming with vibrant marine life. You’ll find everything from the dazzling hues of bony fish to the elusive Atlantic Bonito gliding through the water.
Several species of Sea Bream calls these reefs home, creating a captivating underwater scene. For those seeking a more thrilling encounter, there’s also the chance to come face-to-face with the sleek Barracuda or the striking Red Porgy, offering unforgettable moments in the depths.
In these waters, it’s also common to spot morey eels as well as angel sharks, stingrays and majestic eagle rays gliding gracefully through the depths, adding to the thrill of the underwater experience.
Diving in Sardina
The Sardina area is renowned for its stunning underwater scenery, characterised by sandy expanses interspersed with rocky formations and a vibrant array of marine flora.
This location serves as a haven for a variety of fish species, making it an ideal destination for divers looking to observe marine life in its natural habitat.
The warm waters and rich biodiversity create an unforgettable diving experience for any ocean enthusiast. Situated in the northern part of the island, Sardina is a bit further away but well worth the journey. Sardina is a favourite among both local divers and visitors alike.
Divers are greeted by an abundance of marine life, including Butterfly Rays, Sting Rays, and large schools of Barracuda shimmering in the sunlight.
Frequent sightings include seahorses, amberjacks, angel sharks, stingrays, eagle rays, striped burrfish, grunts, jacks, silversides, garden eels, giant anemones, and many more fascinating creatures that call Sardina’s underwater world home.
Discovering Tufia
Tufia is a quaint, picturesque village perched on a hill, where houses seem to emerge from the cliffs and a serene black sand beach hugs the shore.
Beneath the surface, this peaceful spot transforms into an extraordinary dive site, revealing an underwater world teeming with life.
Here, the interplay of light and shadow creates a mesmerising backdrop for your dive. You’ll glide through schools of vibrant bluefin damselfish, alongside majestic groupers and dusky groupers, accompanied by several species of shimmering sea bream.
As you explore further, keep an eye out for the colourful red mullets, elusive lizardfish, and the elegant roosterfish.
The experience is further enriched by the presence of playful octopi and fascinating cuttlefish, each adding its own unique touch to the bustling underwater ecosystem.
Do you want to know what other dive sites are available with Brothers Diving in Gran Canaria?
Optimal Conditions for Spotting Fish
Understanding the optimal conditions for spotting fish greatly enhances the diving experience. Various factors influence the visibility and abundance of species in Gran Canaria’s waters.
Seasonal Variations
The waters surrounding Gran Canaria exhibit distinct seasonal changes that affect fish behaviour and distribution. Different species are more abundant during specific times of the year, creating opportunities for divers to encounter a greater variety of marine life.
Spring (March to May): This season often marks an increase in fish activity. Species such as sea bream become more prevalent as they spawn, making it easier to spot them in shallower waters. The rise in water temperature and clearer visibility attract divers.
Summer (June to August): Warmer temperatures herald the arrival of pelagic species. Tuna and marlin are often spotted during this time, alongside schooling fish like mackerel. Divers may experience excellent visibility conditions, making it ideal for observing larger fish.
Autumn (September to November): As temperatures begin to drop, many migratory species can still be seen. This period also witnesses the return of predatory species like barracuda, creating excitement for divers seeking thrilling encounters.
Winter (December to February): Although the water may be cooler, many bony fish, including the Atlantic bonito, remain active. Visibility can vary, but with the right conditions, divers can still discover a variety of species inhabiting deeper waters. As water temperature drops, Angelsharks come close to the shore, making it easier for divers to encounter them.
Tide and Weather Effects
Tides and weather patterns significantly influence the underwater landscape, affecting both the visibility and behaviour of fish. Understanding these aspects is essential for maximising diving experiences.
Tide: The tides create movements in the water that can lead to increased fish activity. During incoming tides, fish are often more active, as they feed on foraging prey. This can enhance visibility as marine life becomes more concentrated around reefs and structures.
Weather: Clear, sunny days typically result in better visibility underwater. Overcast conditions can sometimes reduce light penetration, affecting what divers can see. It’s important to monitor local weather forecasts for optimal diving days.
Wind: Strong winds can stir up sediment, decreasing visibility and making it challenging to spot and recognise fish species. Calm conditions are preferable for ensuring a clearer view of the underwater environment.
Impact of Fishing on Marine Life
The impact of fishing on marine life is significant and multifaceted. Understanding local practices and the consequences of overfishing is vital for sustaining the diverse ecosystems surrounding Gran Canaria.
Overview of Local Fishing Practices
Fishing in Gran Canaria is an integral part of the culture and economy. Various methods are employed to catch fish, ensuring a steady supply to both local markets and restaurants. The fishing techniques commonly practised include:
- Bottom Fishing: This involves dropping baited hooks to the seabed to catch species that reside at lower depths, such as red bream and groupers.
- Trolling: Popular during warmer months, this technique targets pelagic fish such as tuna and marlin by dragging lures through the water.
- Spearfishing: A selective approach that allows fishers to target specific species while minimising the impact on the surrounding ecosystem.
While these methods support the local economy, they also highlight the importance of adhering to sustainable practices to protect vital fish populations.
Effects of Overfishing
Overfishing poses a significant threat to the marine biodiversity of Gran Canaria. The relentless pursuit of fish can lead to dramatic declines in certain species, which disrupts the delicate balance of the marine environment. Key consequences of overfishing include:
- Population Decline: Species like the Atlantic bonito and red porgy have shown signs of overexploitation, resulting in decreased numbers in local waters.
- Ecological Imbalance: Removing large quantities of a single species can lead to an imbalance within the food web, affecting both predator and prey dynamics.
- Habitat Damage: Some fishing practices, particularly bottom trawling, can cause physical damage to ocean habitats, impacting not just target species but also the broader ecosystem.
- Threat to Vulnerable Species: Many endemic fish species face heightened risks due to overfishing, contributing to their potential endangerment and loss from the area.
As local fish populations struggle to recover from excessive fishing pressures, it is critical for all stakeholders to actively engage in sustainable practices that contribute to the health of the marine environment.
Responsible Diving and Conservation Efforts
The commitment to responsible diving practices and conservation efforts is paramount in preserving Gran Canaria’s rich marine ecosystem. By engaging in sustainable activities, divers can help protect the diverse species that inhabit these waters and ensure future generations can enjoy their beauty.
Tag and Release Programs
Tag and release programs are a vital conservation tool used in various parts of Gran Canaria. These initiatives allow anglers and divers to catch fish legally, track their movements, and contribute to scientific research without adversely affecting fish populations.
By placing tags on species such as the Atlantic Bonito and Barracuda, researchers can gather valuable data on their migration patterns, breeding behaviours, and population dynamics. This knowledge aids in forming conservation strategies tailored to different species, ensuring their sustainability.
Participants in these programs can play an active role in conservation efforts. Proper handling techniques, such as minimising the time a fish spends out of the water and using barbless hooks, can significantly enhance the survival rate of released fish.
Supporting Marine Conservation Initiatives
Marine conservation initiatives are essential for maintaining the health of the ocean and the diverse species that reside within it. Various local organisations work tirelessly to protect marine habitats, focusing on both education and action.
- Raising Awareness: Conservation groups organise educational workshops and community events to raise awareness about marine biodiversity and the impact of human activities on fish populations. An example: RedPROMAR.
- Environmental Clean-ups: Many initiatives are dedicated to cleaning up the beaches and seabed, removing debris that can harm marine life, including plastic waste and fishing gear. Oceans4Life regularly organizes clean-ups in Gran Canaria.
- Monitoring Fish Populations: Ongoing research projects assess the health of fish populations and their habitats. This data is invaluable for adapting management strategies and ensuring species remain viable. We can mention AngelShark Project, Manta Catalog, and Observadores del Mar among others.
- Community Involvement: Local dive schools and clubs often collaborate with conservation organisations to engage the diving community. This partnership fosters a shared responsibility for protecting the marine environment.
Being involved in and supporting these initiatives not only contributes to the sustainability of marine life but also enriches the diving experience. Divers often witness firsthand the positive impact of these efforts, enhancing their appreciation for Gran Canaria’s underwater world.
Frequently Asked Questions About Gran Canaria's Fish Species
This section addresses commonly asked questions regarding the diverse fish species inhabiting the waters of Gran Canaria. Knowledge about these species enhances the diving experience and fosters a deeper appreciation for marine life.
What Are the Most Common Fish Species?
Gran Canaria is home to a variety of fish species that attract divers and anglers alike. The most common species include:
- Atlantic Bonito: Known for their speed, these bony fish are a popular catch and can often be spotted during dives.
- Barracuda: A formidable predator, barracudas are frequently seen in schools, especially around rocky areas.
- Different Sea Bream Varieties: This family hosts several species, commonly found near reefs and rocky bottoms.
- Red Porgy: A prize for many divers and fishermen, these fish inhabit deeper waters and are avidly sought after.
- Angelshark: Often lying flat on the seabed, this endangered species is a unique find for divers.
- Common Octopus: Frequently found hiding in crevices, these intelligent creatures may change colour, providing a fascinating visual encounter.
- Cuttlefish: Known for their remarkable colour-changing abilities, they add to the diversity of marine life observed while diving.
Where is the Best Place to Dive with Fish?
Gran Canaria offers numerous excellent diving locations where vibrant marine life thrives. The following areas are particularly renowned for their fish populations:
Play de Tufia: This beach is famous for its diverse marine ecosystems, making it a favourite among both divers and marine life enthusiasts.
Sardina del Norte: With colder waters, Sardina provides opportunities to spot larger pelagic fish and diverse species.
Arinaga: This area is accessible for divers of all levels and frequently showcases various fish species in proximity to shore.
How Can I Contribute to Marine Conservation?
Protecting marine life is paramount for sustainability and biodiversity. Here are several ways to contribute to marine conservation efforts while enjoying the splendour of Gran Canaria’s waters:
Participate in Clean-Up Initiatives: Joining local beach and underwater clean-up efforts helps remove debris harmful to marine life.
Educate Others: Sharing knowledge about the fish species and their habitats raises awareness and promotes conservation.
Adhere to Responsible Diving Practices: Following established guidelines while diving reduces environmental impact and protects delicate ecosystems.
Support Local Conservation Projects: Engaging with local organisations dedicated to marine protection assists in preserving vulnerable species.
This guide is just a brief summary of all the fish species that can be seen in the Canary Islands.
The list is so extensive that writing about it would require an incredibly long article. We hope you found this summary interesting, and if you ever want to see these species up close, you know where to find us.
